龙门传说

申报地区：洛阳市非物质文化遗产保护中心 2011年12月 第3批

本项目所说龙门，指列入《世界文化遗产名录》的龙门石窟所在的龙门口。龙门的传说，指民间对龙门口形成原因的各种故事性解释。

公元493年北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳，因其信奉佛教，开始在龙门东西两山断崖上凿龛造佛像，历经东魏、西魏、北齐、北周、隋、唐、宋诸朝，龙门共有窟龛2345个，造像10万余尊，最大的卢舍那佛通高17.14米，最小仅高2厘米，碑刻题记2800块，佛塔50多座，与敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟并称中国三大佛教艺术宝库。

山水美景孕育故事，传说故事美山水。唐代大诗人白居易曾说；“洛阳四郊，山水之胜，龙门首焉。”“龙门山色”列入洛阳八大景之首。因此，龙门历来是人们向往的文化、旅游胜地。山水美景孕育故事，传说故事美山水。关于龙门的传说有“龙门开不开”，药王洞，奉先寺等各类传说。这些传说涉及地质水文、文明创始、民间习俗等题材，把自然景观和人文景观巧妙结合，反映了古代劳动人民丰富的想象力，也赞美了龙门石窟巧夺天工，精妙绝伦的雕刻艺术。龙门的传说作为非物质文化遗产，与世界文化遗产--龙门石窟珠联璧合，交相辉映，对传播黄河文化，振兴传统文化有着重要的意义。

The Longmen mentioned in this project refers to the Longmen Grottoes listed in the World Cultural Heritage List where the Longmen Grottoes are located. Legend of the Longmen Grottos refers to various story explanations of the formation of Longmen In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, a disciple of Buddhism, began to carve niches on the cliffs of the east and west mountains of Longmen Mountain to build Buddha statues after he moved his capital to Luoyang. The process spanned over the Eastern wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties. There are as many as 2, 345 niches, more than 100,000 statues(The largest one, Vairocana Buddha, is 17.14 meters high and the smallest is only 2 centimeters high), 2,800 inscriptions and more than 50 pagodas. Longmen Grottoes, together with Mogao Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, are regarded as China's Three Notable Buddhist Art Treasures. The beautiful scenery breeds stories; stories enrich the beauty of the scenery. Legends about Longmen involve geology and hydrology, the founding of civilization, folk customs and other topics. They skillfully combine natural landscape with cultural landscape, reflect the rich imagination of ancient working people, and praise the wonderful and exquisite carving art of Longmen Grottoes.As an intangible cultural heritage, Legend of the Longmen Grottos is perfectly matched with the world cultural heritage Longmen Grottoes, which is of great significance to the spread of Yellow River culture and the revitalization of traditional culture.