靠山黄——嵩县

传承人：市级—2012年07月 第2批：乔社斌

申报地区：嵩县 2011年12月 第2批扩展项目

靠山黄又称靠山吼，顾名思义，这种戏靠山搭台演唱，因而得名。其伴奏主弦乐器为京胡，组成为二胡、弹拨乐器等，有别于豫剧和曲剧的是堂锣，其唱腔具有高亢粗犷、优美、开朗的特点和风格，特别是男演员，其唱腔前半句用大嗓，后半句往往过渡到假声，且每段结束句总带有总结性的“弯道”和“尾巴”，具有山歌的味道，充分展示了靠山黄独特的魅力。

据《嵩县戏曲志》记载：“具有四百余年历史的嵩县库区乡安岭村的木偶戏班和具有三百余年历史的嵩县库区乡古路壕村的卷戏班，都一直沿用靠山吼到靠山簧声腔。”据明万历四十四年（1616）《九皋山进香修醺记》载：“大明国河南府嵩县鹤鸣观。四时有庆、八节舞娱。”据传，始建于明代嵩县城南关的“海市蜃楼”火神庙香火大会和旧县街城隍庙舞楼的演乐献舞，戏曲活动都盛况空前。由此可见，明代嵩县的戏艺活动已兴风为俗。当时，不仅本县有戏曲名班演唱，还有洛阳、南阳、陕州、小汝州、老禹州等州、县艺人赴嵩学艺、交流，嵩县戏曲活跃盛况素有“声传九州八府”之说。

靠山黄作为民间戏剧的一个稀有剧种，是我们民族梨园百花丛中不可多得的奇葩从音乐伴奏到演员的演唱都有其独特的艺术风格，长期以来深受广大人民群众欢迎，加强对她的保护，对于我们继承优秀文化遗产，传承精神文明，具有十分重要意义。

Kao Shanhuang Opera is also known as Kao Shanhou Opera(roaring at the foot of a mountain) As the name implies, the platform of this kind of opera is usually set up at the foot of a mountain. Its main string instrument is Jinghu, composing of erhu, plucked instruments, etc. It is different from Yu Opera or Qu Opera in its singing method, which has the characteristics and style of high, rough, beautiful and cheerful. The difference is rather obvious for male actors. The singing tunes in the first half line of the opera are loud, and then will be transferred to falsetto in the latter half line. And at each ending line, there will be a summative" turn" and"tail sound", which has the flavor of the folk song. This fully demonstrates the unique charm of the Kao Shanhuang Opera. As a rare type of folk opera, Kao Shanhuang Opera is special in the operatic area of our country and nation. As its unique artistic style in both musical accompaniment and singing methods, Kao Shanhuang Opera is popular in the folk. To strengthen the protection of it is of great significance to inherit excellent cultural heritage and spiritual civilization.