靠山黄——栾川县

传承人：市级——2010年04月 第1批：魏留聚、杨强

     2016年10月 第3批：翟海川

申报地区：栾川县 2007年12月 第1批

靠山黄又称靠调、靠山戏、山梆子，是栾川土生土长的剧种。其唱腔主要是二八、流水、慢板等，多运用假腔演唱，脸谱粗犷，演唱风格符合山里人粗犷豪放的性格，又因其靠山搭台而被称为“靠山吼”。靠山黄的曲牌如《一锤安》、《三起腔》等，一句唱词唱三次，下三次鼓簧，两次重复去词，短句靠在长句上，谓之“靠三簧”。总而言之，逐渐被俗称为靠山黄。

起初的靠山黄即使是在演出行当齐全的整本大戏时，伴奏也是比较简单的。文场上只有两根皮胡琴（京胡）和一柄马蹄号。武场上一面大皮鼓、一副枣木梆和一面堂鼓。所用道具则多为真刀真矛，服装也多是自造。旦角演出时还要绑矮跷。充分体现出了靠山黄质朴、粗犷的特点。

早期靠山黄常演的是袍带戏和靠把式戏，主要剧目有《八大公篡朝》、《铡太师》、《雷镇海征北》、《站宛城》等。也有旦角戏如《破天门》、《刀劈杨藩》、《辕门斩子》等。

Kao Shanhuang Opera, also known as Kao Tune, Kao Shanxi Opera, and Shan Bangzi, was originated in Luanchuan County. Its singing style mainly covers Erba, Liushui(flowing water), Manban(Adagio)and so on. Usually sung in a falsetto, its style is in line with the wild and bold character of the mountain people. The platform of this kind of opera is usually set up at the foot of a mountain, thus also referred to as Kao Shanhou Opera (roaring at the foot of a mountain). The tunes of Kao Shanhuang Opera, such as Yi Chui An and San Qi Qiang, was performed with each line of the libretto sung and accompanied by Guhuang (a reed pipe wind instrument) three times. When the same line was repeated for the second and third time, certain words are omitted. Therefore the shorted lines were combined with the long line, and thus is called“ Kao Shanhuang".(“Shan” means“ three times",and“ huangs" refers to a reed pipe wind instrument). At first, the accompaniment of Kao Shanhuang was relatively simple. There are only two Piphuqin ( Jinghu, a two-stringed bowed instrument with a high register) and a horseshoe horn in the civil opera, as well as a big drum, a pair of wooden clapper and a Tanggu(a kind of drum used in Chinese operas)in the martial opera. The props used were mostly real knives and spears, and the costumes were mostly self-made. Dan actors have to tie stilts when performing. It fully reflects the simple and rough characteristics of Kao Shanhuang Opera.