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传统美术

民间剪纸(刘爱弹样剪纸)

作者:洛阳市行政区划与地名研究会 日期:2021-04-16 人气:2984

申报地区:西工区 201412 3批扩展项目

剪纸是一种镂空艺术,在视觉上给人以透空的感觉和艺术享受,是中华民族最古老的民间艺术之一。刘爱弹样剪纸技艺,是指刘爱传承并创作的极具特色的剪纸花样以及包括抿纸、弹样、剪花在内的整个工艺流程,是传统剪纸的继承和发展。

剪纸起源于古人祭祖祈神的活动。我国剪纸的起源最迟在商代,早期的艺术载体是刻画皮革、金银箔片和玉片透雕。出土的历史文物证实,早在战国时期就有用皮革镂花和银箔镂空刻花。但真正意义上的剪纸,是在公元前2世纪的西汉时期,伴随着纸的发明开始出现的,东汉蔡伦造纸术的发明,进一步推动了剪纸技艺的发展和普及。剪纸技艺在唐朝已经达到很高的艺术水平,到宋朝时已发展成为精致新鲜的艺术行业,成为民俗生活中广泛使用的艺术形式。明清时代的剪纸艺术逐步走向成熟并达到鼎盛,其运用范围也更为广泛,举凡民间灯彩上的花饰、扇面上的纹饰以及刺绣的纹样,全都是以剪纸作为装饰进行再加工。洛阳剪纸源远流长,在民国时期,洛阳有专营剪纸或兼营剪纸的作坊,也有以剪纸为业的普通家庭。居住在洛阳老城东关新街的刘爱,就出生于一个剪纸世家。

刘爱8岁开始跟着母亲何仁学习剪纸贴补家用,不到20岁就成为洛阳地区远近闻名的剪纸能手,她的剪纸作品因为花样新、手法精而远销周边各县乡。为提高剪纸产量,刘爱与姐姐刘爱娃发明了弹样技术,能够通过抿纸、弹样一次剪出三对相同的花样。

刘爱的剪纸作品灵透、精巧,传统性与时代性兼容,装饰性与实用性俱备,既有“凤凰戏牡丹”、“连生贵子”、“竹报平安”等传统花样,也有“思想进步”、“抗美援朝”等颇具时代特征的花样;既有兜兜花、耳暖花、袖头花等日常绣样,也有枕头花、鞋面花、鞋底花等丧葬花样,门类非常广泛。

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Paper Cutting, a kind of hollow art, visually giving people a sense of transparence and hollowness and artistic enjoyment, is one of the oldest folk art of the Chinese nation. The technique of Liu Ai Paper Cutting refers to the unique paper cutting patterns and the whole process including folding paper, drawing patterns and cutting flowers, which is the inheritance and development of traditional paper cutting. At the age of 8, Liu Ai began to learn paper cutting from her mother for supplementing the household expenses. She became a famous paper cutting expert in Luoyang at the age of less than 20. Her works are sold to the neighboring counties and villages because of the new patterns and perfect techniques. For increasing the output of paper cutting, Liu Ai and her sister invented the technique for improving efficiency. Her works are ingenious, exquisite, having the features of compatibility with tradition and the times, decoration and practicability.


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