泥塑（张乾泥塑）

申报地区：宜阳县 2020年08月 第4批扩展项目

张乾泥塑始创于清朝末年，是一种具有地方特色的民间泥塑艺术，主要流传于宜阳县。张乾，祖籍渑池县，少年时入户宜阳福昌村，师从祖父张三甲和父亲张黑子，以泥塑为生，技艺精湛。韩城青年赵宏涛拜张乾为师，专心学艺，全面继承了张乾泥塑技艺。张乾泥塑以师徒形式传承至今。

张乾泥塑用料讲究，以洛河深层淤泥与大雨淋村的红粘土按比例混合，经过搅拌、过滤、沉淀，再经过数十天醒土、晾晒，制成泥坯备用。创作前，通过对泥坯进行反复的揉、打、甩，盘成活泥，待雏形完成适当阴干再进行精雕细刻。张乾泥塑以人物为长，其造型夸张，表情生动质朴。第四代传承人赵宏涛在继承传统的基础上，注重创新与发展，其作品以泥人为主，并衍生出民俗摆件、假山石玩、泥砚及大型雕塑等多种泥塑艺术品。为使泥塑利于长期保存，其借鉴陶器烧制技术，根据所需颜色，进行烧制、炝窑、浸窑，使泥塑作品更有质感，更具实用性。他的泥塑作品“洛阳柱”获“河南之星”设计大赛二等奖；“解放区的天”入选河南省第十二届美展。

Zhang Gan Clay Sculpture is a folk clay sculpture art with local characteristics founded in the late Qing Dynasty (1840-1912), which is mainly spread in Yiyang County. Zhang Gan, who was born in Mianchi County, moved to Fuchang Village of Yiyang County when he was a teenager, and learned from his grandfather Zhang Sanjia and his father Zhang Heizi, making clay sculptures for a living and has excellent skills. Zhao Hongtao, a young man from Hancheng City, took Zhang Gan as his teacher, devoted himself to learning arts, and fully inherited Zhang Gan' s clay sculpture technique. Zhang Gan clay sculpture has been passed down in the form of master and apprentice. The clay materials are exquisite, taking the deep silt of the Luo River mixed with the red soil of Dayulin Village in proportion. After stirring, filtering, precipitation, dozens of days of waking up the soil, air drying, the mixture is made of clay body for use. The clay is repeatedly kneaded, beaten,and shaken to turn it into living clay before creation, and the embryonic form properly dried in the shade before elaborately carved. The figures of Zhang Gan's clay sculptures are famous with exaggerated shapes and vivid and plain expressions. On the basis of inheriting the traditional clay sculpture, Zhao Hongtao, the fourth-generation inheritor, pays attention to innovation and development. His works mainly focus on clay figures, and derived various clay sculpture artworks, such as folk ornaments, rockery stones, mud ink-stones and large sculptures. In order to make the clay sculptures good for long-term preservation. The clay sculpture draws on the pottery firing technology and carries out firing and kilning according to the required colors, making the clay sculptures more textured and more practical. His clay sculpture of"Luoyang Pillar"won the second prize in the“ Henan Star” Design Competition, and"The Sky in the Liberated Areas" was selected for the 12th Henan Art Exhibition.