面塑（宋氏面塑）

申报地区：伊川县 2020年08月 第4批扩展项目

据史料记载面塑起源于汉朝，中国的面塑艺术早在汉代就已有文字记载，是研究历史、考古、民俗、雕塑、美学不可忽视的实物资科。

宋氏面塑创始人为宋成德，生于1878年清德宗光绪四年，一生坎坷，四处漂泊，靠捏面人小手艺和打短工谋生。宋作君，宋氏面塑第二代传承人，以赶大车和捏面人小手艺谋生。宋丙建，宋氏面塑第三代传承人，以传统面塑为主。宋展克，宋氏面塑第四代传承人，在继承祖上技艺的同时，大胆创新，学习众家之长，融入宋氏面塑，使宋氏面塑技艺更上一层楼。

宋氏传统面塑主要以面粉和糯米粉为主原料。按比例加入蜂蜜、香油、石蜡、甘油、盐、白糖、防腐剂等，加入颜料调成各色面泥。面泥配方经过多次改良，做出来的作品不霉不裂不长虫，并可长久保存。宋氏传统面塑的特点是借鉴寺庙传统彩塑和西方雕塑手法。造型完整饱满，略有夸张，手法细腻，注重神气淳朴敦厚，色彩清宜素雅。制作面塑的工具非常简单，有拨子、梳子、篦子、竹签、剪刀、铁丝等，拨子一般有竹制的，牛角质制的，也由亚克力制作的。

According to the historical records, the origin of the dough figurine originated in the Han Dynasty. The art of Dough Figurines in China has been written in the Han Dynasty. The art of dough figurine, written down as early as the Han Dynasty(206 BC-220), is a material branch that cannot be ignored in the study of history, archaeology, folk customs, sculpture and aesthetics. The founder of Song's Dough Figurine was Song Chengde, born in 1878 in the 4th year of Guangxu reign period (in the Qing Dynasty). His life was rough and wandering around, making a living by the craft of dough figurine and casual job. Song Zuojun, the second-generation inheritor of the Song family, made a living by catching carts and making dough figurine. Song Bingjian, the third-generation inheritor of Songs facial plastics, was dominated by traditional facial plastics. Song Zhanke, the fourth-generation inheritor of Song's dough molding, inherited and boldly innovated the skills of his ancestors, learned from the strengths of the family and integrated Song's dough figurine to an even higher level. Song's Dough Figurines are mainly made of flour and glutinous rice flour, which add honey, sesame oil, paraffin wax, glycerin, salt, sugar, preservatives, etc in proportion, and mix the pigments to make various colors of face mud. The formula of face mud has been improved many times, which makes the finished work without mold, crack and worm and be preserved for a long time. The characteristics of Song's traditional dough figurines are the use traditional temple colored figurines and western sculptural techniques with the complete, full and slightly exaggerated shapes, exquisite techniques, simple and honest appearances and clean and elegant colors.