传承人:市级-2016年10月 第3批:唐霞
申报地区:栾川县 2014年12月 第4批
槲包制作技艺是豫西一带只有栾川、嵩县、卢氏、鲁山、西峡等少数县的一种过节独特的食品。在豫西地区槲包的制作、食用历史悠久。长期以来,作为一种重要的民间习俗沿袭至今。在豫西栾川、嵩县等地端午节包槲包已成为人们不可缺少的过节方式。
栾川县地处伏牛山深山区,槲树这里广为分布。槲叶富含多种维生素、微量无素,其中的槲叶素是一种天然的防腐剂,具有防衰老和抗癌作用,可长期保存。槲叶包裹粗杂粮制成“槲包”后,软硬适度,营养全面,冷热皆可食用,是受现代人追棒的纯绿色食品。
端午节“包槲包”习俗经过世代口传身授,目前大多数乡村妇女都能够熟练地参与制作。槲包制作技艺共分采槲叶、洗槲叶、焯槲叶、泡四季豆、泡米、包槲包、煮槲包、食用等步骤。人们用两、三片槲叶包上黍米、四季豆、芸豆,灌水后用笋叶或五彩绳捆扎后,放置大铁锅中,加入山泉水旺火煮两个时辰就成了;“食槲包”时要先用槲包供奉祖先,净手焚香,家中长辈对着祖先的牌位默默祈祷,有一种很肃穆的仪式感;“送槲包”习俗是给新出嫁的女儿“送槲包”,因为槲包以成双成对的形状呈现,所以,给女儿“送槲包”,承载着父母亲祝愿小夫妻像五彩绳捆扎的槲包一样相依相靠,不离不弃,具有明显的祝福意味。
吃槲包也要有技巧,急性子人就吃不成。要一层一层剥开槲叶,用筷子一口一口夹着吃,或者拨到碗里,蘸上白糖或红糖,槲叶独有的香味加上小米的清香,沁人心脾,吃起来十分香甜可口。
Hubao (millet wrapped with mistletoe) is a unique food in the western Hennan area only in a few counties such as Luanchuan, Songxian, Lushi, Lushan, Xixia. Due to its historical making and eating in western Hennan, Hubao as an important folk custom has been followed today. The production techniques of mistletoe are divided into the steps of picking, washing and blanching mistletoe, sowing green beans soaking rice, wrapping and boiling mistletoe and eating. The customs of making and eating Hubao and marrying daughters are the unique cultural characteristics of the Dragon Boat Festival and June 6 in these regions. They record the industrious and honest character of the working people in these regions, which plays a certain role in the study of the food culture and folk culture in western Henan.