夏申报地区:偃师市 2020年08月 第5批
中国最早的历书采用夏历。《大戴礼记·夏小正》,是我国现存最古老的一部天文学文献,也是我国现存最早的一部历书。书中按12月的时序详细记载上古先民所观察体验到的天象、气象、物象,形象地反映出上古先民对时令气候的朴素认识,是华夏民族数千年天文学史的初始阶段--观象授时的结集,是已知的有关“夏历”的重要文献。
夏历,反映了月亮围绕地球转动的规律。以月球绕行地球一周为一月,即以朔望月作为确定历月的基础。夏历的一个月叫做“朔望月”。每月初一为朔日,十五为望日,“朔望月”是月相盈亏的平均周期。农历岁首定在何时,我国历史上不尽相同:夏代以正月为岁首(夏历),殷商、周、秦分别将十二月、十一月、十月定为岁首。汉太初元年(公元前104年)启用太初历,仍依夏代之规,并沿用至今。
夏历保存了中国最古的比较珍贵的科学知识,对古代天象与先秦历法研究也有相当重要之参考价值。
The earliest almanac in China uses the traditional Chinese calendar. Rites of Dadai.Xia Xiaozheng is the oldest extant astronomical literature in our country and the earliest extant almanac in our country. The traditional Chinese calendar reflects the law of the moon's rotation around the earth. The moon orbits the earth for one week as a month, that is, the lunar month is used as the basis for determining the calendar month. The month of the traditional Chinese calendar is called the lunar month. The traditional Chinese calendar has preserved the most ancient and precious scientific knowledge in China and is also of great reference value to the study of ancient astronomical phenomena and the calendar before Qin Dynasty.