申报地区:吉利区2009年02月第1批扩展项目
传承人:省级-2017年9月 第4批:张庆通
市级-2016年10月 第3批:张国安
“硪工号子”是古代劳动人民在打硪过程中唱的一种节奏性很强的民间歌谣。
打硪是打夯的另一种形式,在我国黄河中下游地区广泛使用,主要用于修堤、筑坝、铺路的时候以夯实地基。上世纪五十年代,在修筑洛阳柴河水库及白道河水库过程中,工地上曾经组织过十几组硪工同时打硪。他们边干边唱,互相比赛,劳动场面非常壮观。随着现代化机械的广泛使用,硪工号子这种民间文化,正面临着失传的危机。
硪,是一种用来夯实堤坝用的器具,圆形,材质为石头或铁,重量约为60公斤。硪工,是集体作业,用绑上了牵引绳的硪,夯实坝基的人。
黄河既为中华儿女创造5000年的历史文明提供了一个施展聪明才智的大舞台,同时,好像故意要考验她的不畏艰辛的儿女,每每以不羁的洪水摧毁黄土地上的生命财产。这就有了一部可歌可泣的防洪抢险的历史。这样,就有了打硪、硪工和行将消失的歌谣——硪工号子。
硪工号子采取一人领、众人和的歌唱形式。刚开始打硪时,号头要慢慢领唱,众硪工也慢慢回应,是劳动前的热身运动。热身时用的调子是“大滑号”,即“喂一一,嘿嘿嘿呀么!嘿嘿!一二三三二一,一二三四五六七。吃饭还是家常饭,穿衣还是粗布衣。老婆还是结发妻,恩恩爱爱甜似蜜。谁要耍滑走歪道,石硪让他脱层皮。”接下来,号头要及时变换节奏,由慢到快的“变号”,让硪工们加快速度,在这个过程中,还要用到“荡山号”和“板号”。
“Wogong Haozi” is a kind of folk rhyme with strong beat by ancient working people in the process of Da Wo Da Wo, widely used in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China, is mainly used for ramming foundations when building embankments, dams, and roads. In the 1950s, during the construction of the Luoyang Chaihe Reservoir and the Baidaohe Reservoir more than a dozen groups of wogong were working at the same time. Singing Wogong Haozi while working, they playing against each other, and the scene was quite spectacular. Wo, round, made of stone or iron, is a device for tamping dams and weighs about 60 kg. And wogong is the group of people using Wo.When singing the "Haozi", the leader will start slowly, and the other wogong will also slowly sing in harmony, which is called the warm-up phase. Gradually, the leader will change its rhythm in time, from slow to fast, in order to send the signal to the workers to speed up.