十盘

申报地区：伊川县2015年09月第3批扩展项目

传承人：省级-2017年09月 第4批：李现有

  十盘是随着佛教的传入，由西域的筚篥（bili古代管乐器的一种，民间俗称管子）和中原的笙、笛融合为乐队主框架，增加云锣等打击乐器，形成具有中国特色的乐队组合形式。之所以命名为“十盘”，是因为传统的“十盘”表演中，通常以10个大小不一的云锣作为领头乐器。

  “十盘”有“座乐”和“行乐”两种表演形式。“座乐”演奏时，以管子为中心，除吹奏乐器外，仅用一些小件打击乐器，俗称轻打细吹，这类演奏讲究典雅、肃穆、端庄，主要演奏传统音乐曲牌，如【青天歌】【跌断桥】；“行乐”一般以传锣开道，以马蹄号增强气势，增加鼓、锣、镲、钹等大件打击乐器，另外还有灯笼、令旗、彩旗、黄罗伞等仪仗执事渲染气氛，所奏曲牌都是生活化的民歌小调，场面热烈欢快，如【嗑瓜子】【肚疼歌】等。

  “十盘”音乐用传统的工尺谱字，艺人们以口传心授方式世代相传。练习时，先读谱、背谱或抄写在墙上，集体教念，直到烂熟于心。然后分头练习吹奏，最后上板合乐。

  伊川一带的“十盘”活动，起源于明末清初，至今已有400余年的历史。据《伊川县志》记载，“十盘”最初在寺院流行，后逐步传入民间。据考，清代至民国年间，伊川县的彭婆、白元等许多地方均有“十盘”乐队，十盘”活动盛极一时。

  With the introduction of Buddhism, a new type of band, Shi Pan, was formed. It is a combination of Bi Li(a kind of ancient wind instrument, popularly known as pipe) from the west, Sheng(a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes), flute from the Central Plains, and Yunluo(a set of 10 small tuned gongs mounted in a wooden frame). Shi Pan gets its name from the fact that, in its traditional performance, 10 different sizes of gong chimes are used as the leading musical instrument. The performance manners of Shi Pan are divided into seat performance and marching performance. Shi Pan music is handed down from generation to generation through mouth and heart. When practicing, first performers read and memorize the music score or they write it on the wall and learn together until all performer know it by heart. Then they practice separately, and finally rehearse together to make the performance in harmony. Shi Pan performed in Yichuan was originated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, with a history of more than 400 years According to Yichuan County Records, Shi Pan was first popular in monasteries and gradually spread to the public. According to historical records, from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Shi Pan performance was quite popular in Peng Po, Bai Yuan and other places in Yichuan County.