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传统戏剧

曲剧(洛阳曲子)

作者:洛阳市行政区划与地名研究会 日期:2021-03-31 人气:1802

传承人:省级-201709 4:刘联合

市级-201004 1:刘爱云、郑庆恩

201207 2:张晓红

申报地区:西工区201509 3批扩展项目

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洛阳曲子与历史悠久的河洛文化一脉相承,是五千年华夏文明发展史中,民间艺术、民俗文化的一个亮点。它经历了最初的“哼海神”、“高跷曲,再由高跷曲搬上舞台三个重要的历史发展阶段。

“哼海神”是民间在敬神、祭祀、祈求平安的民俗活动中,场所固定、自由参与的哼唱形式。1875,洛阳南郊的王凤桐先生,把一个人独唱的哼唱曲本,改变成四个踩跷人,高跷曲正式形成。这种踩着高跷唱曲子、唱着曲子踩高跷的演出形式,在当时极大地增强了对邀请者和观赏者的吸引力。1926,“高跷曲”由踩跷演唱的形式终于登上了高台,一个新的剧种“洛阳小调曲”诞生了。

洛阳曲子具有曲牌旋律悦耳动听的特点。它的曲牌大多曲式结构简短,旋律质朴、流畅,节奏明快紧凑。便于表现悲剧剧目。由于它成形于军阀混战、多灾多难的洛阳,加上它的曲牌旋律多向下行,所以唱腔如诉如泣,充满了悲伤感人的情调。

1953,由洛阳市人民政府命名的洛阳市曲剧团正式成立。1961年排演的《洛阳令》及后来的《掩护》《游乡》、《赶脚》,1982年由河南电影制片厂拍摄的《背靴访帅》,把洛阳小调曲唱遍了河南、唱响了全国。

洛阳小调曲作为一个地方戏,近年来不断创新和发展:2002年现代戏《弯桥村》参加河南省第九届戏剧大赛,2008年以新版《寇准背靴》参加第十一届戏剧大赛,均获银奖、文华剧目奖和数个表演一等奖,再次提高了洛阳小调曲的知名度。

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Luoyang QuZi Opera, which has a long history of Heluo culture, is a highlight of folk art and folk culture in the 5000 year history of Chinese civilization. It has experienced three important stages of historical development, namely, the initial "Hum Hai Shen" and "Stilt Tune", and"On-stage Performance"."Hum Hai Shen"is a form of free singing in the folk activities of worshiping gods, offering sacrifices and praying for peace. In 1875 Mr. Wang Fengtong in the southern suburb of Luoyang changed the one-man humming version into performance of four stilt walkers, and the stilt tune was formally formed. In 1926, the"stilt tune" was finally put on the high platform in the form of walking on stilts, and a new drama "Luoyang Quzi Opera"was born . As a local opera, Luoyang Quzi Opera has been innovating and developing in years:in 2002, the modern drama"Wanqiao Village" participated in the drama competition of Henan Province, and in 2008, the new version of Kou Zhun with His Boots Off took part in the llth drama competition.Both of them won Silver Award, Wenhua Drama Award and several First Prizes, which once again improved the popularity of Luoyang Quzi Opera.

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