黄河澄泥砚

传承人：省级-2008年06月 第1批：李中献 游敏

市级-2016年10月 第3批：游晓晓

申报地区：新安县2007年03月 第1批

新安黄河澄泥砚，是中华优秀传统文化。砚在中国古代又称“研”，用来研磨颜料和墨，是作书、绘画必备的文具。随着历史的发展，砚除了文具功能外，历代能工巧匠还赋予其艺术观赏价值。

澄泥砚始于汉，盛于唐、宋，迄今已有近两千年历史，与后起的端砚、歙砚、洮砚并称为中国四大名砚。它润泽若玉，质密坚实，窑变奇异。朱砂红、鳝鱼黄、蟹壳青、檀木紫等诸多名贵颜色，使人心旷神怡，具有极高的收藏价值。

黄河澄泥砚历来倍受书画名家、文人雅士所青睐。清代乾隆皇帝赞其曰：“抚如石，呵生津”。洛阳新安县古属虢州辖区，早在唐代就盛产澄泥砚，为唐宋贡品。欧阳修《唐书地理志》亦谓：“虢州土贡新安县生产的澄泥砚精于雕琢，巧夺天工，泽若美玉，国色天香。贮墨不耗，积墨不腐，冬不冻，夏不枯，写字作画虫不蛀。”

黄河澄泥砚在新安最具代表性的有虢州澄泥砚和河洛澄泥砚。黄河澄泥砚制造工艺经历代传播，至清末传至澄泥砚名匠王玉瑞，王玉瑞之制砚事略在陕县县志及一些名砚专著中均有记述。李廷选随王玉瑞制砚十年，后回乡传子李虎，使这一流传千年以上的绝技在新安保留下来。

由于种种原因，黄河澄泥砚几近失传，李中献先生，在老艺人的指点下，挖掘、整理、创新、潜心研制，1991年3月第一方按照传统工艺生产的虢州黄河澄泥砚在新安诞生，续写了澄泥砚这一古老文化艺术演进与发展的历史，使这一濒临失传的文化遗产得到继承和发展。

2009年，游敏先生率先利用现代科技手段对澄泥砚原材料及成品进行了全面的理化性质分析，获取了砚史上首例“澄泥砚原料配方”、“澄泥砚焙烧工艺”理论数据。游氏河洛澄泥砚材质中石英、黄丹、云母等微细矿物质颗粒的科学配兑和均匀分布，致砚质坚如石，温润若玉，抚若童肤。

黄河澄泥砚砚台设计形式多样，师古法，融于艺，法度严谨，刀法沉雄，庄重厚朴，方寸中尽显河洛文化历史文化神韵。

The Chengni Inkstone of the Yellow River in Xin' an County embodies the essence of the splendid traditional Chinese culture. In ancient China, the inkstone was also known as the grind tool, which was used to grind pigments and ink. As one necessary stationery for calligraphy and painting, it occupies an important position in the history of Chinese civilization. Chengni Inkstone of the Yellow River in Xin' an County was originated from the Han Dynasty (202BC-8AD, 25AD-220AD) and flourished in the Tang (618-907)and Song dynasties(960-1279). With a history of nearly two thousand years, it was known as one of the Four Famous Inkstones" in China. The other three are Duan, She and Tao inkstones. In the Tang and Song dynasties, it has become a royal tribute, and has always been favored by famous calligraphers and painters, such as Su Shi, Mi Fu, and Zhu Yuanzhang. Due to a variety of reasons, The production skill of Chengni Inkstone of the Yellow River was almost lost .However,with the help of senior artisans, Li Zhongxian, the national level folk culture inheritor and art and craft master, successfully made a Chengni Inkstone in March, 1991 according to the traditional craft after a lot of research work and innovative attempts. It continues the history of the ancient culture and art of the Chengni Inkstone, and inherits and develops this excellent cultural heritage on the verge of extinction. In 2009, Mr. You Min, a master of arts and crafts industry in China, took the lead in analyzing the physical and chemical properties of raw materials and finished products of Chengni Inkstone of the Yellow River by using modern scientific and technological means, and obtained the theoretical data of its raw material formula and calcination process for the first time in the history of inkstone . Chengni Inkstone of the Yellow River is designed in various forms, and its production technique is integrating ancient method with art. The charm of Heluo culture and history is fully displayed in the square inch.